ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the status and correlative factors on menarche and first spermatorrhea among children and adolescents,in Chongqing,in order to provide theoretical basis for carrying out sex and health education in this population.Methods By random stratified and cluster sampling,10 498 students (5 372 boys and 5 126 girls),5 to 18 years old and living in Chongqing urban districts,were enrolled.General situation and physical features of the population were studied.Statistics analysis system included logistic regression methods,t-test and chi-square test.Results For urban kids,first experience of spermatorrhea was 0.218 years later than those living in the rural areas (Z=-73.287,P＜0.001),but median age for girls in urban areas was 0.073 years earlier than in rural areas (Z=-71.589,P＜0.001).Except for factor as mother' s education level in the family (x2=21.564,P＜0.001),other family or environment related factors did not show significant difference between the two groups of boys (P＞0.05).However,significant difference appeared in average family income (x2=6.175,P=0.046) between two groups of girls.Data from the logistic analysis showed that BMI,hip circumference,height,weight,number of children in the family,time of sleep and the diet structure were associated with menarche.Correlative factors of boys' first spermatorrhea would include:high-energy snacks,hip circumference,weight,height,school type and mother's education level (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion First spermatorrhea and menstruation of boys and girls were closely related to environment of the family,diet and the time of sleep.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the status and correlative factors on menarche and first spermatorrhea among children and adolescents,in Chongqing,in order to provide theoretical basis for carrying out sex and health education in this population.Methods By random stratified and cluster sampling,10 498 students (5 372 boys and 5 126 girls),5 to 18 years old and living in Chongqing urban districts,were enrolled.General situation and physical features of the population were studied.Statistics analysis system included logistic regression methods,t-test and chi-square test.Results For urban kids,first experience of spermatorrhea was 0.218 years later than those living in the rural areas (Z=-73.287,P＜0.001),but median age for girls in urban areas was 0.073 years earlier than in rural areas (Z=-71.589,P＜0.001).Except for factor as mother' s education level in the family (x2=21.564,P＜0.001),other family or environment related factors did not show significant difference between the two groups of boys (P＞0.05).However,significant difference appeared in average family income (x2=6.175,P=0.046) between two groups of girls.Data from the logistic analysis showed that BMI,hip circumference,height,weight,number of children in the family,time of sleep and the diet structure were associated with menarche.Correlative factors of boys' first spermatorrhea would include:high-energy snacks,hip circumference,weight,height,school type and mother's education level (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion First spermatorrhea and menstruation of boys and girls were closely related to environment of the family,diet and the time of sleep.
ABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of Evodiamine on JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway in human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 . Methods Cells were cultured with 6. 0 μmol·L-1 Evodiamine for 2, 4 and 6 h, respectively. Cell nuclear morphology was detected by Hoechst staining and protein expression levels of JAK2 , p-JAK2 , STAT3 and p-STAT3 were examined by Western blot. Cells were treated with dif-ferent concentrations of AG490 for 48 h to select proper working concentration and cells treated with 6 μmol · L-1 EVO and 50 μmol · L-1 AG490 to compare the modulatory effect of EVO with AG490 on JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway. Results Hoechst staining revealed that Evodiamine could induce cells apoptosis, chroma-tin condensation gathered and typical apoptotic mor-phological changes in a time-dependent manner;West-ern Blot suggested that EVO could inhibit p-STAT3 significantly. After treatment with AG490, JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway was inactivated, the inhibitory effect of EVO on p-STAT3 was stronger than that of AG490 , while EVO combined with AG490 could fur-ther inhibit the expression of p-STAT3 significantly. Conclusions The anticancer effect of Evodiamine is mainly mediated by the modulation of JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway in HCT-116 cells.